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Impact of War on Public Health in Warzone areas: The Hidden Crisis Beyond the Battlefield

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Introduction: War as a Determinant of Public Health War zones are not only battlegrounds—they are home to millions of civilians whose daily lives are shattered by violence, displacement, and fear. In today’s world, the public health consequences of war have become more severe and longer lasting than ever before. Armed conflicts destroy hospitals, disrupt healthcare supply chains, displace communities, and force skilled health professionals to flee. As a result, essential health services such as maternal care, vaccination, disease control, and chronic disease management can collapse almost overnight. Contemporary conflicts like the Gaza–Palestine crisis , the Russo–Ukrainian war , and the Sudan and Yemen civil wars highlight how civilian populations bear the brunt of modern warfare. History has shown similar devastation through events like World War II , the Vietnam War , and the prolonged Syrian Civil War , each leaving multi-generational health consequences. According to the ...
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Spitting and Coughing on the Street: A Habit or a Health Risk?

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In every busy corner of our cities — bus stops, markets, footpaths — it’s not uncommon to see people spitting, coughing, or sneezing without covering their mouths. For many, it’s a simple habit or social norm. But in reality, this behavior is a serious public health concern that spreads infections, contaminates the environment, and endangers community health. A Common Yet Overlooked Problem In Bangladesh, especially in Dhaka, where millions of people share crowded spaces daily, the habit of spitting or coughing openly is alarmingly common. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), respiratory infections such as tuberculosis (TB), influenza, and COVID-19 can easily spread through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or spits. A single cough can release up to 3,000 droplets, while a sneeze can produce more than 100,000 droplets, traveling several meters through the air. These droplets can stay suspended or settle on surfaces — and anyone touching or inhal...
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Maternal Mental Health

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Motherhood — one of the most beautiful journeys in a woman’s life. It’s filled with love, discovery, and emotion. But behind the smiles and celebrations, many mothers silently battle deep emotional and mental health challenges that often go unseen. The Transition to Motherhood After childbirth, every mother experiences significant physical, hormonal, and emotional changes. Combined with sleep deprivation, newborn care responsibilities , and societal pressure to be the “perfect mother,” these challenges can take a toll on mental health and overall well-being. When a mother’s mental health is overlooked, she becomes vulnerable to conditions like postpartum depression (PPD) or, in rare cases, postpartum psychosis . Why Maternal Mental Health Matters Motherhood reshapes every aspect of a woman’s life — body, mind, and social identity. If a mother’s mental well-being is not supported, it doesn’t only affect her — it impacts her baby, her family, and the community around her. Impa...
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